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Dental expert urges public to debate fluoride

12:12pm Monday 9th June 2008

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Photograph of the Author By Jon Reeve »

MAKE sure you have your say. That is the message from Englands top dental adviser to the people of Southampton considering the contentious plans to add fluoride to tap water.

Dr Barry Cockroft is visiting the city tonight to speak to dentists about the impact of fluoridation on dental inequalities.

Nearly half of all Southampton youngsters suffer from tooth decay by the age of five, but the figures are much higher in deprived areas of the city.

With several high-profile attempts to educate parents having failed to make an impact, the situation has got so bad that health chiefs see fluoridation as the only way to reduce the number of rotten teeth.

But the plans, which are to be debated during a three-month public consultation starting in August, have proved controversial.


Click here for our full archive of fluoride debate material


Fears have been raised about adverse side effects of topped-up levels of fluoride - which campaigners say include mottled teeth, bone cancer, thyroid problems, birth defects, cancer and lowered IQ in children.

Opponents dispute evidence that fluoridation reduces tooth decay and say it is wrong to expose people with perfectly healthy teeth for potential benefits in other areas.

Ahead of his visit to Southampton, Dr Cockcroft, who is the government's Chief Dental Officer, said he had experienced fluoridation first hand.

"Before coming to the Department of Health, I practised as a dentist in Rugby, where the water is fluoridated, and saw first hand the benefits that fluoridation offers to people's teeth," he said.

"Levels of tooth decay in fluoridated areas are less than half of those found in those without fluoridation."

Dr Cockroft said he is pleased city health chiefs are progressing their bid to add fluoride to the water supply of 160,000 residents, and a further 36,000 people living beyond the city boundary in Eastleigh, Totton and Netley.

"I was very encouraged to hear that the South Central Strategic Health Authority had decided to hold a consultation on adding fluoride to Southamptons water supply," he said.

"I urge all residents of Southampton to give their views on the proposed fluoridation scheme to the Strategic Health Authority."

Dr Cockroft's visit, to talk about the national perspective on fluoridation, comes as the Daily Echo's own snapshot poll of residents' opinions draws to a close.

Thousands of people have voted by phone, text, mail and online, with many joining the debate and deluging our offices with comments.

  • The poll results will be revealed tomorrow.

Your Say YourEcho

concerned, southampton says...
1:06pm Mon 9 Jun 08

why should we all be made to ingest flouride against our wishes? Surely this is an infringement on personal liberty.
Educatiion in the primary schools by dentists and health officals as they used to many years ago. at that time dental problems in children became greatly reduced till they (dental health ) stopped going into schools

Jim Schultz, Ormond Beach Fl USA says...
1:52pm Mon 9 Jun 08

Please note that those Dentists stating strong personal feelings of benefit do not attempt to show current science of benefit. This unquestioning belief is like a six year old in the tooth fairy. Equal amounts of proof. Please do not forget the York 2000 review found clearly what ingested fluoride does is damage childrens teeth at more then triple. From 15% to 48% is evil bad to a uninformed person. That it is ugly enough in 12.5% to need cosmetic restoration is double evil. This is a program of desperation because the real need is nutrition, education and quality dental care. This program is nothing short of flim flam and con job. There is no quality reasearch of substantial benefit. Flawed research shows MAYBE some small benefit. The YORK did not show what is claimed by the health services. It only shows quality science has been avoided in favor very easily faked data. The other health risks have been agressively ignored most never being done. Listen the the overwelming demand of the now 19 EPA unions for a safety goal for fluoride of ZERO just like lead and arsenic. The headquarters union in 1986 filed a lawsuit when they discovered altered studies and ignored risk to almost double the stated safe amount. Fluoridation violates all the safeguards of the Safe Drinking Water Act said the 28 page detailed lawsuit. This is fraud at the highest level. Most developed countries knew the folly (stupidity) long ago. They treat people not poison the water and hope benefit happens. The policy in the USA is for the promoting agencies to avoid open debate at all costs. Citizens informed of the true current science and risk strongly vote against. Uninformed who hear only the Official claims vote for. Dentists in the US still do not know the current science (Yoder KM 2007). Indiana discovered only 17% of dentists knew the current science and 14% in Illinois. They still believed the fluoride myth of ingested fluoride in children making teeth stronger and more decay resistant. Even the CDC admits it is a topical effect now but did not admit that the science shows no measurable benefit. It does not. What fool would still insist putting it in the water. Dentists and Health department based upon helping the disadvantaged. It has been shown from the first study that blacks are damaged with double the dental fluorosis as whites. So those we insist we are helping have double the ugly discolored brittle enamel. This is stupid evil. Those promoting talk ancient fraud and ignore risk and known damage. See fluoridealert.org and read the scientists position on this fraud against us all. Better government. More honesty. Jim Schultz

Brian Jackson, Lancashire says...
2:01pm Mon 9 Jun 08

Its a a pity that experts opposed to fluoridation have not been invited to speak. There is another side to this story and an important one. They have been saying that fluoride is good for teeth for many years now but withoud any discussion of the many serious health problems with which it is now associated. We need more dentists not more nonesense from a government that ignores its own experts who say there is not enought information on fluoride to make it safe to recommend. Time to end Truth Decay as well as Toot Decay. Say No To Fluoride.

bill, soton says...
5:15pm Mon 9 Jun 08

Dr Cockroft said he is pleased city health chiefs are progressing their bid to add fluoride to the water supply of 160,000 residents, and a further 36,000 people living beyond the city boundary in Eastleigh, Totton and Netley. "I urge all residents of Southampton to give their views on the proposed fluoridation scheme to the Strategic Health Authority."

We have, we don't want it. But will they take no for an answer?

m1k3r, southampton says...
6:19pm Mon 9 Jun 08

"The real reason behind water fluoridation is not to benefit children's teeth. If this were the real reason there are many ways in which it could be done that are much easier, cheaper, and far more effective. The real purpose behind water fluoridation is to reduce the resistance of the masses to domination and control and loss of liberty."

"When the Nazis under Hitler decided to go to Poland, both the German General Staff and the Russian General Staff exchanged scientific and military ideas, plans, and personnel, and the scheme of mass control through water medication was seized upon by the Russian Communists because it fitted ideally into their plans to communize the world."

"I was told of this entire scheme by a German chemist who was an official of the great I.G. Farben chemical industries and was also prominent in the Nazi movement at the time. I say this with all the earnestness and sincerity of a scientist who has spent nearly 20 years' research into the chemistry, biochemistry, physiology and pathology of fluorine --- any person who drinks artificially fluorinated water for a period of one year or more will never again be the same person mentally or physically."

Signed: CHARLES E. PERKINS, Chemist, 2 October, 1954.


Sally Cook, Bitterne Park says...
9:26pm Mon 9 Jun 08

I am very shocked and distressed that health chiefs want to fluoridate our water. Several years ago I learned about the adverse effects of fluoride on people's health where this had previously been done. I thought this was all history now. Surely they aren't serious? They must be aware of the dangers involved! That makes it all the more worrying - it must be a conspiracy, either for money, power or control of the masses.

We can easily educate our children to brush teeth regularly and we can feed them healthily. It's not rocket science! My 7 year old is very aware that sugar rots teeth and only has sweets as a treat. Surely we can have parenting messages for people who do not realise the importance of nutrition and dental health! Kids are very quick learners and in my experience they are very interested in real life stuff about themselves. We do not need nannying, we need to think for ourselves!

Danny, says...
1:24am Tue 10 Jun 08

It's Guaranteed, that when the 'so-called' health experts are put to the test, under oath, they will not be able to stand, not genuinely anyway, no doubt, there are entities out there, who are deliberately & intentionally knowingly dumping + pushing a known toxin onto the largely unsuspecting populace!

Perhaps they ought to hire someone like Edward Bernays, to brainwash the populace to swallow sunscreen lotion, which will magically (like the industrial litter fluoride) by-pass everything in body unharmed, until finally, arriving at long last, at its destination!

You can bet the so-called health chiefs are getting paid big bucks by the polluters, to dump this waste into the precious drinking water!!

What kind of characters are we dealing with here?



Jim Schultz, Ormond Beach Fl USA says...
4:02am Tue 10 Jun 08

This morning read a press release That the Attorney who got the National Kidney foundation to admit people with chronic kidney disease need a warning of fluorides risk to kidney damage. Problem is most are not aware they have the disease? 20 million also in high risk group. Dose safe for all and everyone benefits from the health department handle that? This risk was disclosed in the 1993 tox report by health department. The 2000 EPA congressional testimony said working on the patient information data but today is it even started? Not likely? This attorney Robert E Reeves also got the FDA to warn of mercury in dental fillings risk. Now a press release that American Water works Association is warned to not Remove or destroy EVIDENCE for water fluoridation Injury legal actions. They claim to be the safe water experts and write the standards for the chemicals. It is hard to believe that something that damages kids and kidney patients is safe. The intent is to hold all 60,000 members and leaders on the hook for safety. There has been damage to kidney patients and why has this been allowed so long? Kidneys are the second most exposed behind pineal glan in brain. Could a sane person ever really believe a uncontrolled dose of toxic waste is safe for all no matter the risk group. But then it does not even work by ingestion. It is sure a cheap way of disposing of toxic waste. It is the cover story for US dentists most of who refuse to treat the poor. The poor get dental fluorosis and then the dentists claim it undetectable except to a dentist. Then for insult they claim all the really ugly damage is from parents who don a poor job of kids brushing with fluoride toothpaste. Under 7 fluoride toothpase is a huge risk an many swallow too much. It is the one two punch all dentist induced. Just look at the box to see how much paste is on the brush-LOTS. Then say use a pea size smear. See fluoridealert.org for the AWWA story and the kidney safety alert. Do not expect the health department to mention it. Jim Schultz

P Griffiths, Andover says...
7:23pm Tue 17 Jun 08

The following post is available as a highly condensed landscape A4 duplex capable single sheet document for Word specifically formatted to be used as a flyer for home delivery. If you want it contact griffithspeter0@goog

lemail.com

sorry about the small print!

GIVE YOUR KIDS THE GIFT OF BONE CANCER, BRAIN DAMAGE AND STERILITY

The proposals to fluoridate public water with toxic compounds of hexaflourasilic acid are a direct breech of European regulations forbidding the mass medication of human populations. It is also an offence under section 23 of the offences against the person Act of 1861. The Water Supply (Fluoridation Indemnities) (England) Regulations 2005 (Statutory Instrument 2005 No. 920) were a specific attempt by the government to provide the water supply industry with "blanket" immunity against civil and criminal liability arising out of these criminal acts. Poisoning by Fluoride, a known and deadly toxin, has no place in the public health system and its introduction has more to do with eugenics and population control than dental care. Alan Johnson is more than aware of this. Unfortunately unelected and unaccountable "health quangos" will be seeking to call the shots on this issue and most of them will be riven with the corrupt members of Common Purpose. An organisation more sinister than the Real IRA.

Fluoridation of public water supplies should not be allowed! And here’s why: WHY EPA’S HEADQUARTERS UNION OF SCIENTISTS OPPOSES FLUORIDATION*

The following documents why our union, formerly National Federation of Federal Employees Local 2050 and since April 1998 Chapter 280 of the National Treasury Employees Union, took the stand it did opposing fluoridation of drinking water supplies. Our union is comprised of and represents the approximately 1500 scientists, lawyers, engineers and other professional employees at EPA Headquarters here in Washington, D.C.

The union first became interested in this issue rather by accident. Like most Americans, including many physicians and dentists, most of our members had thought that fluoride’s only effects were beneficial — reductions in tooth decay, etc. We too believed assurances of safety and effectiveness of water fluoridation.‡

Then, as EPA was engaged in revising its drinking water standard for fluoride in 1985, an employee came to the union with a complaint: he said he was being forced to write into the regulation a statement to the effect that EPA thought it was all right for children to have "funky" teeth. It was OK, EPA said, because it considered that condition to be only a cosmetic effect, not an adverse health effect. The reason for this EPA position was that it was under political pressure to set its health-based standard for fluoride at 4 mg/liter. At that level, EPA knew that a significant number of children develop moderate to severe dental fluorosis, but since it had deemed the effect as only cosmetic, EPA didn’t have to set its health-based standard at a lower level to prevent it.

We tried to settle this ethics issue quietly, within the family, but EPA was unable or unwilling to resist external political pressure, and we took the fight public with a union amicus curiae brief‡‡ in a lawsuit filed against EPA by a public interest group. The union has published on this initial involvement period in detail.1

Since then our opposition to drinking water fluoridation has grown, based on the scientific literature documenting the increasingly out-of-control exposures to fluoride, the lack of benefit to dental health from ingestion of fluoride and the hazards to human health from such ingestion. These hazards include acute toxic hazard, such as to people with impaired kidney function, as well as chronic toxic hazards of gene mutations, cancer, reproductive effects, neurotoxicity, bone pathology and dental fluorosis. First, a review of recent neurotoxicity research results.

In 1995, Mullenix and co-workers2 showed that rats given fluoride in drinking water at levels that give rise to plasma fluoride concentrations in the range seen in humans suffer neurotoxic effects that vary according to when the rats were given the fluoride – as adult animals, as young animals, or through the placenta before birth. Those exposed before birth were born hyperactive and remained so throughout their lives. Those exposed as young or adult animals displayed depressed activity. Then in 1998, Guan and co-workers3 gave doses similar to those used by the Mullenix research group to try to understand the mechanism(s) underlying the effects seen by the Mullenix group. Guan’s group found that several key chemicals in the brain – those that form the membrane of brain cells – were substantially depleted in rats given fluoride, as compared to those who did not get fluoride.

Another 1998 publication by Varner, Jensen and others4 reported on the brain- and kidney-damaging effects in rats that were given fluoride in drinking water at the same level deemed "optimal" by pro-fluoridation groups, namely 1 part per million (1 ppm). Even more pronounced damage was seen in animals that got the fluoride in conjunction with aluminum. These results are especially disturbing because of the low dose level of fluoride that shows the toxic effect in rats - rats are more resistant to fluoride than humans. This latter statement is based on Mullenix’s finding that it takes substantially more fluoride in the drinking water of rats than of humans to reach the same fluoride level in plasma. It is the level in plasma that determines how much fluoride is "seen" by particular tissues in the body. So when rats get 1 ppm in drinking water, their brains and kidneys are exposed to much less fluoride than humans getting 1 ppm, yet they are experiencing toxic effects. Thus we are compelled to consider the likelihood that humans are experiencing damage to their brains and kidneys at the "optimal" level of 1 ppm.

In support of this concern are results from two epidemiology studies from China5,6 that show decreases in I.Q. in children who get more fluoride than the control groups of children in each study. These decreases are about 5 to 10 I.Q. points in children aged 8 to 13 years.

Another troubling brain effect has recently surfaced: fluoride’s interference with the function of the brain’s pineal gland. The pineal gland produces melatonin which, among other roles, mediates the body’s internal clock, doing such things as governing the onset of puberty. Jennifer Luke7 has shown that fluoride accumulates in the pineal gland and inhibits its production of melatonin. She showed in test animals that this inhibition causes an earlier onset of sexual maturity, an effect reported in humans as well in 1956, as part of the Kingston/Newburgh study, which is discussed below. In fluoridated Newburgh, young girls experienced earlier onset of menstruation (on average, by six months) than girls in non-fluoridated Kingston.8

From a risk assessment perspective, all these brain effect data are particularly compelling and disturbing because they are convergent.

We looked at the cancer data with alarm as well. There are epidemiology studies that are convergent with whole-animal and single-cell studies (dealing with the cancer hazard), just as the neurotoxicity research just mentioned all points in the same direction. EPA fired the Office of Drinking Water’s chief toxicologist, Dr. William Marcus, who also was our local union’s treasurer at the time, for refusing to remain silent on the cancer risk issue.9 The judge who heard the lawsuit he brought against EPA over the firing made the finding - that EPA fired him over his fluoride work and not for the phony reason put forward by EPA management at his dismissal. Dr. Marcus won his lawsuit and is again at work at EPA. Documentation is available on request.

The type of cancer of particular concern with fluoride, although not the only type, is osteosarcoma, especially in males. The National Toxicology Program conducted a two-year study10 in which rats and mice were given sodium fluoride in drinking water. The positive result of that study (in which malignancies in tissues other than bone were also observed), particularly in male rats, is convergent with a host of data from tests showing fluoride’s ability to cause mutations (a principal "trigger" mechanism for inducing a cell to become cancerous) e.g.11a,b,c,d and data showing increases in osteosarcomas in young men in New Jersey,12 Washington and Iowa13 based on their drinking fluoridated water. It was his analysis, repeated statements about all these and other incriminating cancer data, and his requests for an independent, unbiased evaluation of them that got Dr. Marcus fired.

Bone pathology other than cancer is a concern as well. An excellent review of this issue was published by Diesendorf et al. in 1997.14 Five epidemiology studies have shown a higher rate of hip fractures in fluoridated vs. non-fluoridated communities.15a,b,c,

d,e Crippling skeletal fluorosis was the endpoint used by EPA to set its primary drinking water standard in 1986, and the ethical deficiencies in that standard setting process prompted our union to join the Natural Resources Defense Council in opposing the standard in court, as mentioned above.

Regarding the effectiveness of fluoride in reducing dental cavities, there has not been any double-blind study of fluoride’s effectiveness as a caries preventative. There have been many, many small scale, selective publications on this issue that proponents cite to justify fluoridation, but the largest and most comprehensive study, one done by dentists trained by the National Institute of Dental Research, on over 39,000 school children aged 5-17 years, shows no significant differences (in terms of decayed, missing and filled teeth) among caries incidences in fluoridated, non-fluoridated and partially fluoridated communities.16 The latest publication17 on the fifty-year fluoridation experiment in two New York cities, Newburgh and Kingston, shows the same thing. The only significant difference in dental health between the two communities as a whole is that fluoridated Newburgh, N.Y. shows about twice the incidence of dental fluorosis (the first, visible sign of fluoride chronic toxicity) as seen in non-fluoridated Kingston.

John Colquhoun’s publication on this point of efficacy is especially important.18 Dr. Colquhoun was Principal Dental Officer for Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand, and a staunch supporter of fluoridation - until he was given the task of looking at the world-wide data on fluoridation’s effectiveness in preventing cavities. The paper is titled, "Why I changed My Mind About Water Fluoridation." In it Colquhoun provides details on how data were manipulated to support fluoridation in English-speaking countries, especially the U.S. and New Zealand. This paper explains why an ethical public health professional was compelled to do a 180-degree turn on fluoridation.

Further on the point of the tide turning against drinking water fluoridation, statements are now coming from other dentists in the pro-fluoride camp who are starting to warn that topical fluoride (e.g. fluoride in tooth paste) is the only significantly beneficial way in which that substance affects dental health.19,20,21 However, if the concentrations of fluoride in the oral cavity are sufficient to inhibit bacterial enzymes and cause other bacteriostatic effects, then those concentrations are also capable of producing adverse effects in mammalian tissue, which likewise relies on enzyme systems. This statement is based not only on common sense, but also on results of mutation studies which show that fluoride can cause gene mutations in mammalian and lower order tissues at fluoride concentrations estimated to be present in the mouth from fluoridated tooth paste.22 Further, there were tumors of the oral cavity seen in the NTP cancer study mentioned above, further strengthening concern over the toxicity of topically applied fluoride.

In any event, a person can choose whether to use fluoridated tooth paste or not (although finding non-fluoridated kinds is getting harder and harder), but one cannot avoid fluoride when it is put into the public water supplies.

So, in addition to our concern over the toxicity of fluoride, we note the uncontrolled - and apparently uncontrollable - exposures to fluoride that are occurring nationwide via drinking water, processed foods, fluoride pesticide residues and dental care products. A recent report in the lay media,23 that, according to the Centers for Disease Control, at least 22 percent of America’s children now have dental fluorosis, is just one indication of this uncontrolled, excess exposure. The finding of nearly 12 percent incidence of dental fluorosis among children in un-fluoridated Kingston New York17 is another. For governmental and other organizations to continue to push for more exposure in the face of current levels of over-exposure coupled with an increasing crescendo of adverse toxicity findings is irrational and irresponsible at best.

Thus, we took the stand that a policy which makes the public water supply a vehicle for disseminating this toxic and prophylactically useless (via ingestion, at any rate) substance is wrong.

We have also taken a direct step to protect the employees we represent from the risks of drinking fluoridated water. We applied EPA’s risk control methodology, the Reference Dose, to the recent neurotoxicity data. The Reference Dose is the daily dose, expressed in milligrams of chemical per kilogram of body weight, that a person can receive over the long term with reasonable assurance of safety from adverse effects. Application of this methodology to the Varner et al4 data leads to a Reference Dose for fluoride of 0.000007 mg/kg-day. Persons who drink about one quart of fluoridated water from the public drinking water supply of the District of Columbia while at work receive about 0.01mg/kg-day from that source alone. This amount of fluoride is more than 100 times the Reference Dose. On the basis of these results the union filed a grievance, asking that EPA provide un-fluoridated drinking water to its employees.

The implication for the general public of these calculations is clear. Recent, peer-reviewed toxicity data, when applied to EPA’s standard method for controlling risks from toxic chemicals, require an immediate halt to the use of the nation’s drinking water reservoirs as disposal sites for the toxic waste of the phosphate fertilizer industry
.1 Applying the NAEP code of ethics to the Environmental Protection Agency and the fluoride in drinking water standard. Carton, R.J. and Hirzy, J.W. Proceedings of the 23rd Ann. Conf. of the National Association of Environmental Professionals. 20-24 June, 1998. GEN 51-61. On-line at URL http//:www.rvi.net/~

fluoride/naep.htm. 2 Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats. Mullenix, P.J., Denbesten, P.K., Schunior, A. and Kernan, W.J. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 17 169-177 (1995). 3 Influence of chronic fluorosis on membrane lipids in rat brain. Z.Z. Guan, Y.N. Wang, K.Q. Xiao, D.Y. Dai, Y.H. Chen, J.L. Liu, P. Sindelar and G. Dallner, Neurotoxicology and Teratology 20 537-542 (1998).4 Chronic administration of aluminum- fluoride or sodium-fluoride to rats in drinking water: alterations in neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity. Varner, J.A., Jensen, K.F., Horvath, W. And Isaacson, R.L. Brain Research 784 284-298 (1998). 5 Effect of high fluoride water supply on children’s intelligence. Zhao, L.B., Liang, G.H., Zhang, D.N., and Wu, X.R. Fluoride 29 190-192 (1996). 6 Effect of fluoride exposure on intelligence in children. Li, X.S., Zhi, J.L., and Gao, R.O. Fluoride 28 (1995). 7 Effect of fluoride on the physiology of the pineal gland. Luke, J.A. Caries Research 28 204 (1994). 8 Newburgh-Kingston caries-fluorine study XIII. Pediatric findings after ten years. Schlesinger, E.R., Overton, D.E., Chase, H.C., and Cantwell, K.T. JADA 52 296-306 (1956). 9 Memorandum dated May 1, 1990. Subject: Fluoride Conference to Review the NTP Draft Fluoride Report; From: Wm. L. Marcus, Senior Science Advisor ODW; To: Alan B. Hais, Acting Director Criteria & Standards Division ODW. 10 Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of sodium fluoride in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. NTP Report No. 393 (1991). 11a Chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, unscheduled DNA synthesis and morphological neoplastic transformation in Syrian hamster embryo cells. Tsutsui et al. Cancer Research 44 938-941 (1984). 11b Cytotoxicity, chromosome aberrations and unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured human diploid fibroblasts. Tsutsui et al. Mutation Research 139 193-198 (1984). 11c Positive mouse lymphoma assay with and without S-9 activation; positive sister chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster ovary cells with and without S-9 activation; positive chromosome aberration without S-9 activation. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of sodium fluoride in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. NTP Report No. 393 (1991). 11d An increase in the number of Down’s syndrome babies born to younger mothers in cities following fluoridation. Science and Public Policy 12 36-46 (1985). 12 A brief report on the association of drinking water fluoridation and the incidence of osteosarcoma among young males. Cohn, P.D. New Jersey Department of Health (1992). 13 Surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) program. National Cancer Institute in Review of fluoride benefits and risks. Department of Health and Human Services. F1-F7 (1991). 14 New evidence on fluoridation. Diesendorf, M., Colquhoun, J., Spittle, B.J., Everingham, D.N., and Clutterbuck, F.W. Australian and New Zealand J. Public Health. 21 187-190 (1997). 15a Regional variation in the incidence of hip fracture: U.S. white women aged 65 years and older. Jacobsen, S.J., Goldberg, J., Miles, ,T.P. et al. JAMA 264 500-502 (1990). 15b Hip fracture and fluoridation in Utah’s elderly population. Danielson, C., Lyon, J.L., Egger, M., and Goodenough, G.K. JAMA 268 746-748 (1992). 15c The association between water fluoridation and hip fracture among white women and men aged 65 years and older: a national ecological study. Jacobsen, S.J., Goldberg, J., Cooper, C. and Lockwood, S.A. Ann. Epidemiol.2 617-626 (1992). 15d Fluorine concentration is drinking water and fractures in the elderly . Jacqmin-Gadda, H., Commenges, D. and Dartigues, J.F. JAMA 273 775-776 (1995). 15e Water fluoridation and hip fracture . Cooper, C., Wickham, C.A.C., Barker, D.J.R. and Jacobson, S.J. JAMA 266 513-514 (1991). 16 Water fluoridation and tooth decay: Results from the 1986-1987 national survey of U.S. school children. Yiamouyannis, J. Fluoride 23 55-67 (1990). 17 Recommendations for fluoride use in children. Kumar, J.V. and Green, E.L. New York State Dent. J. (1998) 40-47. 18 Why I changed my mind about water fluoridation. Colquhoun, J. Perspectives in Biol. and Medicine 41 29-44 (1997). 19 A re-examination of the pre-eruptive and post-eruptive mechanism of the anti-caries effects of fluoride: is there any anti-caries benefit from swallowing fluoride? Limeback, H. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 27 62-71 (1999). 20 Fluoride supplements for young children: an analysis of the literature focussing on benefits and risks. Riordan, P.J. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 27 72-83 (1999). 21 Prevention and reversal of dental caries: role of low level fluoride. Featherstone, J.D. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 27 31-40 (1999). 22 Appendix H. Review of fluoride benefits and risks. Department of Health and Human Services. H1-H6 (1991). 23 Some young children get too much fluoride. Parker-Pope, T. Wall Street Journal Dec. 21, 1998. 24 Letter from Rebecca Hanmer, Deputy Assistant Administrator for Water, to Leslie Russell re: EPA view on use of by-product fluosilicic acid as low cost source of fluoride to water authorities. March 30, 1983. OTHER CITATIONS a Exposure to high fluoride concentrations in drinking water is associated with decreased birth rates. Freni, S.C. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 42 109-121 (1994). bAmeliorative effects of reduced food-borne fluoride on reproduction in silver foxes. Eckerlin, R.H., Maylin, G.A., Krook, L., and Carmichael, D.T. Cornell Vet. 78 75-91 (1988). cMilk production of cows fed fluoride contaminated commercial feed. Eckerlin, R.H., Maylin, G.A., and Krook, L. Cornell Vet. 76 403-404 (1986). dMaternal-fetal transfer of fluoride in pregnant women. Calders, R., Chavine, J., Fermanian, J., Tortrat, D., and Laurent, A.M. Biol. Neonate 54 263-269 (1988). eEffects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction: teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings. Hoffman, D.J., Pattee, O.H., and Wiemeyer, S.N. Toxicol. Lett. 26 19-24 (1985). fFluoride intoxication in dairy calves. Maylin, G.A., Eckerlin, R.H., and Krook, L. Cornell Vet. 77 84-98 (1987). gFluoride inhibition of protein synthesis. Holland, R.I. Cell Biol. Int. Rep. 3 701-705 (1979). hAn unexpectedly strong hydrogen bond: ab initio calculations and spectroscopic studies of amide-fluoride systems. Emsley, J., Jones, D.J., Miller, J.M., Overill, R.E. and Waddilove, R.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103 24-28 (1981). iThe effect of sodium fluoride on the growth and differentiation of human fetal osteoblasts. Song, X.D., Zhang, W.Z., Li, L.Y., Pang, Z.L., and Tan, Y.B. Fluoride 21 149-158 (1988). jModulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis by NaF and aluminum in rat cortical slices. Jope, R.S. J. Neurochem. 51 1731-1736 (1988). kThe crystal structure of fluoride-inhibited cytochrome c peroxidase. Edwards, S.L., Poulos, T.L., Kraut, J. J. Biol. Chem. 259 12984-12988 (1984). lIntracellular fluoride alters the kinetic properties of calcium currents facilitating the investigation of synaptic events in hippocampal neurons. Kay, A.R., Miles, R., and Wong, R.K.S. J. Neurosci. 6 2915-2920 (1986). mFluoride intoxication: a clinical-hygienic study with a review of the literature and some experimental investigations. Roholm, K. H.K. Lewis Ltd (London) (1937). nToxin-induced blood vessel inclusions caused by the chronic administration of aluminum and sodium fluoride and their implications for dementia. Isaacson, R.L., Varner, J.A., and Jensen, K. F. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 825 152-166 (1997). oAllergy and hypersensitivity to fluoride. Spittle, B. Fluoride 26 267-273 (1993). *For Correspondence: Bill Hirzy, NTEU Headquarters, Box 76082 Washington, DC 20013. TO RECEIVE THIS DOCUMENT AS AN EMAIL TXT YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS TO 07510258880
‡For a history of how drinking water fluoridation began, see "Fluoride, Teeth and the Atomic Bomb", by investigative reporters Joel Griffiths and Chris Bryson ,

on-line at http://www.ia4u.net/

~sherrell/bomb.htm.
‡‡http://www.rvi.net

/~fluoride/amicus.ht

m
*PLEASE PHOTOCOPY THIS DOCUMENT FOR YOUR FRIENDS AND NEIGHBOURS-GET THE TRUTH OUT*

Jennifer, Hampshire says...
5:34pm Mon 7 Jul 08

Official statements from South Central SHA, the PCT and doctors Mortimore and Cockroft that dental fluorosis is harmless and fluoridation is completely safe must be immediately and publicly withdrawn.

In 1999, Earl Baldwin of Bewdley asked Her Majesty's Government:

"In view of the absence of any relevant scientific studies cited in the US Review of Fluoride, 1991, referred to in the Written Answer by Baroness Hayman on 8 February (WA 1-2), whether they can quote any other scientific sources in support of their belief that dental fluorosis is only a cosmetic side-effect of fluoride and not an indication of early toxicity."

Baroness Hayman responded, in a Written Answer, for the Government: "We accept that dental fluorosis is a manifestation of systemic toxicity. . " - (Hansard, 20 Apr 1999 : WA 158.).
It is estimated that, as in Ireland, 48% - 54% of children living in fluoridated areas develop dental fluorosis, which dentists refuse to treat on the NHS.

Mike Startup, Southampton says...
6:15pm Sat 2 Aug 08

Hi there,
Just about every other country in Europe and many of the US States have now banned the addition of fluoride to drinking water.

Fluoride is so toxic that it is against the law to dump it at sea.

The questions to be asked at any inquiry are:
1) Has Fluoride been passed by FDA, MRHA or any such body as fit for human consumption?
2) What quantity is safe?
3) Have proper tests been carried out - double blind studies as required for ALL medicines for the public - which show the benefits?
4) If so, what were the quantities necessary to achieve these results?
5) If such tests were conducted, how can you be sure that adding fluoride to the drinking water will achieve the necessary dosing?
6) Did the massive increase in govt spending on child dental care in the test areas quoted have more effect than the fluoride?
7) Would you care to comment on the apparent causal links between fluoridation and the increase in Alzheimers? This being due to the way in which it apparently binds aluminium to brain cells.

As a final question:
Are you aware that the outgoing head of the US EPA stated that "Fluoridation of water was one of the biggest frauds perpetrated on the people of this (USA) country " ?

Mass medication is in contravention of our Human Rights.
The Water Companies know this, which is why they had the Govt pass a law absolving them from responsibility!!

Please do not put this poison into our drinking water .

Regards,

Mike Startup


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